COPPER, SERUM

The serum copper test measures the amount of copper circulating in your blood. Copper is an essential trace mineral, but both too little and too much of it cause problems — the body keeps it in a narrow balance, largely handled by the liver.

The test is best known as part of the workup for Wilson's disease, a rare inherited condition in which copper accumulates in the liver, brain and eyes. It is also used when copper deficiency is suspected, and alongside tests like ceruloplasmin and 24-hour urinary copper, which together give the complete picture.

When do doctors advise this test?

• Suspected Wilson's disease — typically a young person with unexplained liver problems, tremors or movement changes
• Unexplained anaemia or low white cell counts where copper deficiency is a possibility
• Long-term tube feeding, malabsorption or bariatric surgery follow-up
• Monitoring in diagnosed Wilson's disease, as advised by the treating doctor

Preparation & the sample

No strict fasting is usually required, though a morning sample is commonly preferred. Tell the team about any mineral supplements or medicines you are taking, and follow your doctor's advice on whether to pause supplements before the test.

This information is educational and general. Your doctor's advice for your specific situation always comes first.